Relative clauses I

Defining relative clauses

These provide essential information about the antecedent, so the sentence would be incomplete without them.

The pronouns who (people), which (things) and that (people
and things) can be omitted if they do not function as the
subject. Whose (possession) cannot be omitted or replaced.

She is the girl (who / that) I met in England.
(Ella es la chica a la que conocí en Inglaterra.)
I did not get the e-mail (which / that) you sent.
(No recibí el correo electrónico que mandaste.)
This is the blog whose author is unknown.
(Este es el “blog” cuyo autor es desconocido.)

When (time) and where (place) are relative adverbs.
When can be omitted or replaced by that. Where cannot be
replaced by that and it can only be omitted in a few cases.

I’ll never forget the day (when / that) I met her.
(Nunca olvidaré el día en que la conocí.)
I visited the area where all the trendy shops are.
(Visité la zona donde están todas las tiendas de moda.)

If a preposition is related to the relative pronoun or adverb, this is omitted and the preposition is located after the verb.

The boy (who / that) I talked to was nervous.
(El chico con el que hablé estaba nervioso.)

Non-defining relative clauses

These add information about the antecedent and they go between commas. They are introduced by who, which, when, where and whose (never by that), which cannot be omitted. They are not common in spoken English because they are very formal.

Jack, who is English, works for a French firm.
(Jack, que es inglés, trabaja para una empresa francesa.)

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